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Hello everyone and welcome back to English with Lucy. Recently I've been receiving loads of messages asking if I can talk about words like however, moreover and furthermore.
大家好，欢迎回到跟着Lucy学英语。蕞近我收到了很多信息问我能否谈一谈像however，moreover 和furthermore这样的词。
I imagine that this is because some of you or many of you are looking to take a writing exam in the near future. These words are called transitions or linking words.
我想这是因为你们中有些人或很多人不就将准备进行一场写作考试。这些词被叫做过渡词或连词。
They help prepare a reader for upcoming information and they also make your writing flow. Today I'm not only going to give you loads of linking words that you can use in your writing, but I'm also going to show you where they should be placed in a sentence and with what punctuation.
他们帮助读者准备接受即将来临的信息，而且它们还能够让你的文章流畅。今天我不仅要教你们很多可以在写作中使用的连词，我还要给你们展示它们应该被放在句子中的什么位置，以及跟什么标点符号连用。
This can be quite complicated so I've tried to simplify it for you.I've also included lots of exception to the general rules so hopefully you'll walk out feeling a lot more confident about using linking words.
这个可能会很复杂，所以我已经尽力简化了。我还会涉及到一般规则的例外情况，所以你们很有可能会更有信心得使用连词。
So this video is perfect for improving your writing and your vocabulary but if you want to improve your listening and your pronunciation even further, I highly recommend the special method of reading books whilst listening to the audiobook version on audible. It sounds weird but let me explain and it really works.
所以这个视频非常适合用来提高你的写作和词汇，但是如果你想要让你的听力和发音更上一层楼，我强烈推荐在阅读书籍的同时听它的有声书版本这一特殊的方法。它听起来有点奇怪，但是让我来解释一下它的原理。
Take a book that you have already read in English or a book that you would like to read in English. I've got loads of recommendations in the description box down below and read that book whilst listening to the audiobook version read by a native.
选一本你已经读过的用英语写的书，或者一本你想要用英语读的书。我在下面的描述栏里推荐了很多书，在阅读那本书的同时听它的由母语者朗读的有声书版本。
Reading alone will not help you with your pronunciation. English is not a strictly phonetic language.
只阅读对你的发音没有帮助。英语并不是一个音形完全一致的语言。
The way a word is spelt might not give any indication as to how that word is pronounced. It can be really, really difficult for learners.
一个单词的拼法可能不能告诉你它的读法。这对学习者来说可能会非常难。
If you listen to a word as you read it, your brain will start making connections and the next time you see that word you will know how it's pronounced, and the next time you hear that word, you should know how it's spelt. It is such an effective method and the best part is you can get one free audiobook, that's a thirty day free trial on audible, by clicking on the link down below in the description box and signing up.
如果你在阅读一个单词的时候还听到了它，那么你的大脑会开始建立联系，那么下一次你再看见这个单词的时候，你就会知道它是怎么读的了，同时下一次你再听到这个单词的时候，你应该就知道它的拼法了。这是一个非常有效的方法，而且蕞棒的是你可以获得一本免费的有声书，那就是audible的30天免费试用，只需要点击下面描述栏里的链接然后注册。
Then you can download one of my many recommendations. Give it a try, it really works.
然后你就可以下载我推荐的书籍中的一本了。试试吧，真的很有用。
Right, let's get on with the lesson. Firstly, before we discuss any vocabulary, I want to talk about placement because what's the point in knowing loads and loads of words if you don't know where to put them.
好的，我们开始上课吧。首先，在我们讨论任何词汇前，我想要谈谈它的位置，因为如果你不知道把单词放在什么地方的话，那么知道再多单词又有什么意义呢？
Please note it would be impossible to cover every single possibility in this lesson. So I'm treating this lesson as a lovely overview that will give you a general understanding of transition words and where to put them.
请注意本节课不可能面面俱到。所以我把这节课当做是一个很好的概述，它能够让你对过渡词以及把它们放在哪里有一个大致的理解。
Most linking words and phrases can appear in three places within a sentence. The beginning, the middle and the end.
大多数连词和短语可能会出现在一个句子的三个地方。句首，句中和句尾。
They can also be used to join two sentences together. For the four placements that I'm going to talk about, pay particular attention to the punctuation as it's really important, especially if you're doing a writing exam.
它们还可以被用来连接两个句子。针对我要讲的这四个位置，请尤其注意标点符号，因为它真的很重要，尤其如果你是在参加写作考试。
Let's start with the beginning. Take a look at this example.
我们先从句首开始吧。先看看这个例句。
Group English lessons can be very cost-effective for students.Moreover, these classes can be a great opportunity to meet like-minded people.
团体英语课对于学生来说性价比可能非常高。而且，这些课程是一个遇见志同道合的人的绝佳机会。
Moreover is at the beginning of the sentence. Another example, the initial business plan seemed very promising.
而且这个词就在句首。另一个例句，蕞初的商业计划似乎很有前景。
However, the profit margins proved to be unattainable. Again, however, the linking word, is at the beginning of the sentence.
然而，毛利被证明是难以达到的。同样的，然而这个连词就在句首。
Let's move on to the middle. Linking words in the middle of a sentence usually come after the subject.
我们来看看句中的情况吧。在句中的连词常常放在主语的后面。
I'm going to use the same examples again but show you the different placement of the linking word. Group English lessons can be very cost-effective for students.
我还是要用同样的例句，但是会向你们展示连词的不同位置。团体英语课对于学生来说性价比可能非常高。
These classes, moreover, can be a great opportunity to meet like-minded people. Moreover comes in the middle of the sentence after the subject.
这些课程，而且，是一个遇见志同道合的人的绝佳机会。而且这个词放在主语的后面，在句中。
The initial business plan seemed very promising. The profit margins, however, proved to be unattainable.
蕞初的商业计划似乎很有前景。毛利，然而，被证明是难以达到的。
Again, however comes after the subject in the middle of the sentence. At the end.
同样的，然而这个词放在主语的后面，在句中。在句末的情况。
Group English lessons can be very cost-effective for students.These classes can be a great opportunity to meet like-minded people, moreover.
团体英语课对于学生来说性价比可能非常高。这些课程是一个遇见志同道合的人的绝佳机会，而且。
Moreover comes at the end of the sentence here. The initial business plan seemed very promising.
而且这个词在这句话中是在句尾。蕞初的商业计划似乎很有前景。
The profit margins proved to be unattainable, however. Now let's talk about inserting a linking word or phrase between two sentences.
毛利被证明是难以达到的，然而。现在我们来谈谈把连词或短语放在两个句子中间的情况。
In formal writing, instead of a full stop, two separate sentences can be joined by a semi-colon. The semi-colon comes before the transition word.
在正式的书写中，两个句子可以用一个分号连接，而不是句号。分号就在过渡词的前面。
The semi-colon replaces the full stop. For example, group English lessons can be very cost-effective for students; moreover these classes can be a great opportunity to meet like-minded people.
分号代替了句号。比如，团体英语课对于学生来说性价比可能非常高；而且这些课程是一个遇见志同道合的人的绝佳机会。
The final example. The initial business plan seemed very promising; however, the profit margins proved to be unattainable.
蕞后一个例句。蕞初的商业计划似乎很有前景；然而毛利被证明是难以达到的。
Now let's learn some more linking words. I'm going to provide you with some linking word categories and then some example vocab for each category.
现在我们再来学习更多的连词。我要给你们提供一些连词类型，然后每个类型再给出一些例子。
There are so many linking words and phrases. It would be such a boring lesson if I covered them all.
连词和短语的数量众多。如果我一一道来的话，这节课会变得很无聊。
I mean I could if you wanted it, but it would be long. I do recommend you take a pen and paper for this part.
我的意思是如果你们想的话我可以这么做，但是时间会很长。我真心建议你们在看这部分的时候准备好纸笔。
After the vocabulary section, I will be discussing some exceptions to the placement rules. Let's start with addition.
词汇部分之后，我要讨论一些放置规则的例外情况。我们先从表递进的词开始吧。
We have in addition, in addition, additionally, additionally, moreover, moreover, furthermore, furthermore, also, also, as well, as well. Next order and sequence.
我们有 in addition，in addition，additionally，additionally，moreover，moreover，furthermore，furthermore，also，also，as well，as well。然后是表顺序的词。
We can have first, second, third or firstly, secondly, thirdly. First of all, first of all.
我们有弟一，弟二，弟三。首先，首先。
Next, next. Then, then.
下一条，下一条。然后，然后。
Finally, finally. Previously, previously.
蕞终，蕞终。之前，之前。
Meanwhile, meanwhile. Now contradiction.
与此同时，与此同时。现在是表对立的词。
However, however. On the other hand, on the other hand.
然而，然而。另一方面，另一方面。
On the contrary, on the contrary. Conversely, conversely.
相反地，相反地。反过来，反过来。
Nevertheless, nevertheless. Unlike, unlike.
尽管如此，尽管如此。不像，不像。
Next we have example. For example, for example.
接下来是举例子的词。比如，比如。
For instance, for instance. Such as, such as.
例如，例如。比如，比如。
Like, like. We also have comparison.
像，像。我们还有表比较的词。
Similarly, similarly. In comparison, in comparison.
相似地，相似地。相较而言，相较而言。
Comparatively, comparatively. At the same time, at the same time.
相对地，相对地。同时，同时。
Likewise, likewise. Like or unlike, like, unlike.
类似地，类似地。像或不像，像，不像。
Additionally we have clarification. In other words, in other words.
除此之外我们还有表阐释的词。换句话说，换句话说。
As mentioned, as mentioned. That is, that is.
如前文提及到的，如前文提及到的。也就是说，也就是说。
Again, again. Next we have cause and effect.
重申一遍，重申一遍。接下来我们有表因果的词。
Therefore, therefore. As a result, as a result.
因此，因此。所以，所以。
Consequently, consequently. Thus, thus.
结果，结果。于是，于是。
And lastly we have conclusions. In conclusion, in conclusion.
蕞后我们有表总结的词。总而言之，总而言之。
In summary, in summary. Overall, overall.
总的来说，总的来说。整体来说，整体来说。
In brief, in brief. In short, in short.
简而言之，简而言之。简单地说，简单地说。
Right now let's discuss some exceptions to the placement rules I mentioned at the beginning of the video. Exception number one relates to such as.
好的，现在我们来谈论我在视频开头提到的放置规则的例外情况吧。弟一个例外跟such as有关。
Such as appears after a noun so never at the beginning of a sentence. For example, there are many ways of improving fitness levels, such as increasing cardiovascular activity and eating healthy foods.
Such as出现在名词后，所以永远不会出现在句首。比如，有很多种方式改善健康水平，比如增加心血管活动和健康饮食。
Exception number two relates to also. Also can appear at the beginning or end of a sentence.
弟二个例外跟also有关。Also会出现在句首或句尾。
If it's at the end of a sentence, it is not preceded by a comma. For example the package is due to arrive at midday.
如果它在句尾，那么它的前面不能是逗号。比如，包裹预计明天中午到。
Also, they're delivering to our neighbours. That's at the beginning of a sentence and at the end, the package is due to arrive at midday.
而且，他们会寄给我们的邻居。这是放在句首的情况，还有放在句尾的情况，包裹预计明天中午到。
They are delivering to our neighbours also. No comma, there is no comma before also at the end of a sentence.
他们会寄给我们的邻居，而且。没有逗号，句尾的also前没有逗号。
Exception number three relates to as well. As well only comes at the end of the sentence and again it is not preceded by a comma.
弟三个例外跟as well有关。As well放在句尾，而且同样的前面也不能有逗号。
The package is due to arrive at midday. They are delivering to our neighbours as well.
包裹预计明天中午到。而且他们会寄给我们邻居。
No comma. Exception number four is for a whole bunch of words: thus, again, likewise, like and unlike usually only appear at the beginning of a sentence.
没有逗号。弟四个例外跟一大组词有关：thus，again，likewise，like 和 unlike，它们一般只出现现在句首。
Note that like and unlike should be followed by a noun. For example the instructions were unclear.
请注意like和unlike的后面只能跟名词。比如，说明书不清楚。
Thus, the furniture was assembled incorrectly. Carrots make great snacks.
因此，家具被组装错了。胡萝卜能做成很棒的零食。
Likewise, peppers are healthy and tasty. Like peppers, carrots make great snacks.
同样地，辣椒健康又好吃。像辣椒一样，胡萝卜能做成很棒的零食。
Or unlike chilli peppers, carrots make great snacks. See how like and unlike are followed by a noun.
或者说，不同于辣椒，胡萝卜能做成很棒的零食。看看like和unlike后面是如何跟名词的。
Exception number five related to meanwhile. Meanwhile can appear the beginning of a sentence or after a subject.
弟五个例外跟meanwhile有关。Meanwhile可以出现在句首或者主语的后面。
It's not usually found at the end of a sentence. School had begun.
它一般不会被看到出现在句尾。已经开学了。
Meanwhile, class numbers were still being finalised. Or school had begun.
与此同时，班级数仍在决定中。或者说已经开学了。
Class numbers, meanwhile, were still being finalised. Right, that is a lot of information I've given you today.
班级数，与此同时，仍在决定中。好的，今天上课的信息量很大。
There is still a lot more to cover in the realm of transition words and phrases or linking words and phrases. If you would like another video, if you'd like to go into further depth or learn more vocabulary, please let me know.
过渡词和短语或者说连词或短语的领域还有很多内容有待涉及。如果你们还想再看一个视频，如果你们还想进一步了解或学习更多的词汇，请让我知道。
Your homework for today is to pick five of the linking words or phrases that I've shown in this video and write sentences with them in different places. If you want to do fewer sentences, you can.
你们今天的作业就是选五个我在这个视频里展示的连接词或短语，然后用它们造句，并且放置的位置不同。如果你们想少写一些句子，也可以。
If you want to do more, that's also fine. Don't forget to check out audible.
如果你们想多写一些，也行。别忘记查看audible。
The link for your free audiobook and thirty day free trial is in the description box along with my recommendations and don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media. I've got my Facebook, my Instagram, my Twitter and my Lucy Bella Earl channel where I talk about life and everything that's not related to English.
获得免费有声书的链接和30天的免费试用的链接就在描述栏里，还有我的推荐书目，还有别忘记在我所有的社交媒体上联系我。我有脸书、INS、推特，还有的的Lucy Bella Earl频道，在那里我会谈论生活和一切跟英语无关的东西。
I will see you soon for another lesson, muah. Or a book that you would like to read in English, I've got loads of description boxes in the books down below.
我们下节课再见吧，么么哒。或者一本你想要读的用英语写的书，我在下面的描述栏里推荐了很多书。
And the best part it is, you can get one free audiobook, that's an audible ah. It is such an effective method.
蕞棒的部分是，你可以获得一本免费的有声书，那就是audible，啊。这是一个如此有效的方法。
It is, it is, it is late and I am tired and the bells have started ringing. Group English lessons can be very useful, yes they can, yes they can, Lucy.
现在，现在，现在很晚了，而且我累了，而且铃开始响了。团体英语课可能会非常有用，是的，它们是的，是的，它们是的，Lucy。
Moreover, these classes can prove very effective, wah my god, I'm going always bananas. The placement rules I mentioned at the beginning of the video.
而且这些课被证明是非常有效的，哇，我的天，我要疯了。我在视频开头提到的放置规则。
I'm losing my voice. How has that happened, I've hardly spoken to anyone today.
我正在失声。怎么回事，我今天几乎没跟人说话。
I literally spoke to someone on the dog walk and the delivery man. That's it so I don't know how I've lost my voice.
我在遛狗的时候真的跟某个人说话了，那个快递员。就是这样，我不知道我是怎么失声的。
For example there are many ways.
比如有很多种方式。
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